TRAINING HUMAN RESOURCES IN VIETNAM TOURISM INDUSTRY TO MEET ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION AND LOCALIZATION

Want to develop tourism, human resource training to meet the requirements following the conditions set out from the real history, culture and society of Vietnam. Training of human resources in tourism is to train people to know the creation of unique tourism products to meet the different needs of travelers; with such new tourism sustainable development

The correlation between learning styles and self–directed learning of fifth graders

Vietnam education has been directed into a learner-centered approach and fostering competencies for students, especially self-directed learning. Thus, understanding how students’ learning styles impact self-directed learning are crucial for the new direction of Vietnam education. This research employed the survey method by questionnaire and presents the results of practical research on the correlation between styles of learning and self–directed learning of fifth-grade students at elementary schools in District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The sample was 364 fifth graders voluntarily participating in the survey with the consent of parents. The results indicated that learning styles are strongly correlated with self–directed learning competency of fifth graders. The data revealed that students at District 10 not only attained high self-directed learning levels but also their learning styles attributing impactfully on their self-directed learning competency

Development of a multi-level approach to model and optimise the Kalina Split Cycle

In the marine sector there is a strong motivation for increasing the propulsion system energy efficiency, mainly because of increasing fuel prices and stricter upcoming emission regulations. The Kalina cycle, based on a mixture of ammonia and water as working fluid, exhibits higher conversion efficiencies than conventional power cycles and could be suitable for this purpose. The Split Cycle technique provides a method to further increase the thermal efficiency, by reducing the thermodynamic losses in the heat recovery system. This is achieved by having two separate streams of different ammonia concentrations entering and leaving a first evaporator stage before being mixed at the inlet of a second evaporator stage. It seems that modelling efforts showing the advantages of the Split Cycle have not been presented in the literature yet. Thus, a thermodynamic model of the Split Cycle is introduced in this work. Modelling and optimisation of the rather complex cycle requires approaching the problem at different system levels. This paper investigates tools and methods suitable for demonstrating the feasibility and advantages of the Split Cycle. The integrated model developed and presented in this paper combines three sub-models all using the NIST REFPROP equations of state: a separator and mixing subsystem model to handle the inherent constraints of the Split Cycle, a component-based model to optimise the heat exchanger operating conditions, and a process model to investigate the complete thermodynamic cycle. Results suggest a 9% net power output increase and 7% higher thermal efficiency compared to the baseline case

The application of process integration to the optimisation of cruise ship energy systems: a case study

In recent years, the shipping industry has faced an increasing number of challenges in terms of fluctuating fuel prices, stricter environmental regulations, and concerns about global warming. In this situation, passenger volumes on cruise ships have increased from around 4 million to 13 million from 1990 to 2008 and keep growing today. A small cruise ship can emit about 85 tons of CO2 per day, and require around 27 tons of fuel per day. To keep up with market demand, while reducing their impact on the environment, cruise ships will need to improve their energy efficiency. Most previous research in marine technology relates to energy efficiency focused on propulsion, which for most ship types constitutes the largest energy demand. On cruise ships, however, auxiliary heat and electric power also have a significant importance. For this reason, we focus in this paper on the heat demand and its integration with available sources of waste heat on board. In this study, the principles of process integration are applied to the energy system of a cruise ship operating in the Baltic Sea. The heat sources (waste heat from the main and auxiliary engines in form of exhaust gas, cylinder cooling, charge air cooling, and lubricating oil cooling) and sinks (HVAC, hot water, fuel heating) are evaluated based on one year of operational data and used to generate four operating conditions that best represent ship operations. Applying the pinch analysis to the system revealed that the theoretical potential for heat integration on board could potentially allow the reduction of the external heat demand by between 35% and 85% depending on the investigated case. A technoeconomic optimisation allowed the identification of the most economically viable heat exchanger network designs: two in the “retrofit” scenario and one in the “design” scenario, with a reduction of 13-33%, 15-27% and 46-56% of the external heat demand, respectively. Given the high amount of heat being available after the process integration, we also analysed the potential for the installation of a steam turbine for the recovery of the energy available in the exhaust gas, which resulted in up to 900 kW of power being available for on board electric power demand